Table Name

Field Name

Begin Column

Definition

Valid Values

Descriptions

carlfobs.dbf

FIELD_ID

Text, 8

Ex: QQ-215, ZZ-912, CD-001, DD-008

Unique identifiers used in the field.

SITETYPE_1

Text, 25

See Below

Borrow Pit

A pit usually dug in material that is not sand and gravel.

Drill Hole

Test hole drilled with a Giddings Soil probe.

Excavation

Badger holes, trenches, construction areas, or foundations.

Exposure

Outcrop of material from erosional processes.

Gravel Pit

Gravel pits exposing sand and gravel material.

Other

Based on communication or observation.

Sand Pit

Pit exposing sand with little to no gravel.

SITETYPE_2

Text, 25

See Below

Further description of the observation site specified in Site_type1.

Animal Hole

A hole dug by an animal which exposes sediment.

ATV Trail

Sediment exposed within trail for ATVs.

Backhoe

A hole dug by a backhoe.

Basement

Excavation of a basement.

Borrow Pit

A mined pit for construction material.

Cemetery

Excavation in cemetery.

Communication

Contact with landowners, drillers, and experts verifying well records.

Construction

Mining or digging due to construction.

Ditch

Material exposed in a ditch due to a slump or landscaping that has removed vegetation.

Drainage

Material exposed in a small water drainage feature.

Drill Hole

Material extracted from drilling. Test hole drilled with an 8-inch auger.

Driveway

Surficial material exposed in driveway.

Embankment

Sediment exposed in a slope or hill where vegetation is patchy or lacking.

Fence Post

Exposure in and around fence post.

Field

Exposure of sediment in tilled agricultural field.

Foundation

Sediment exposed through excavation of material for future building foundation.

Generalization

A general observation made about the landscape, vegetation, and other features.

Gravel Pit

Materials exposed in gravel pit.

Livestock Trail

Material exposed by livestock in trail through pasture. 

Observation

Generalized observation based on aerial photos or of presence of bedrock boulders.

Outcrop

Exposure of bedrock outcrop.

Parking Lot

Surficial material exposed in parking lot.

Peat Farm

Sediment exposed in farming area.

River Cut

Stream exposed an area.

Road Cut

Materials exposed in a road cut.

Sand Pit

Pit excavation revealing sand with little to no gravel.

Slump

Exposure of sediment due to erosion.

Surface

Exposures of bedrock/material on the ground surface.

Telephone Pole

Sediment exposed due to drilling and installation of new telephone poles.

Tree Tip

Exposure after a tree blows over and roots are tilted out of the ground revealing underlying sediment.

Trowel

Exposure by excavating material with hand held trowel.

Vegetation

Sediment texture inferred and generalized based on vegetation assemblage observed.

MATERIAL_1

Text, 25

See Below

Describes the primary type of material encountered at each observation site and does not necessarily reflect stratigraphic order.

Bedrock

Outcrop of bedrock, or presence of bedrock boulders.

Boulders

Presence of bedrock boulders.

Clay

Clay is a very fine-grained sediment that is less than.0.004 mm  in size.

Did not observe

Material could not be viewed, either due to heavy vegetation or lack of access.

Gravel with Sand

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains greater than 50% by volume gravel.

N/A

A generalized observation and/or inference based on vegetation or exposure.

Organics

Soil that contains decaying organic matter.

Peat

Specific unique type of vegetation observed that indicates high water table.

Rocky Soil

Observation based on surficial exposure usually within tilled field or pasture with little vegetation.

Sand

Sand is composed of rocks and minerals that range in diameter from 0.0625 to 2 mm.

Sand and Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains greater than 15% by volume gravel.

Sand minor Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains approximately less than 7% by volume gravel.

Sand with Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains less than 15% by volume gravel.

Silty Sand

Sand that contains some silt.

Silty Sand and Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.004 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains a high amount of silt as well as sand and gravel.

Till

A term used to describe the unsorted sediment deposited by glaciers- contains a mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders.

MATERIAL_2

Text, 25

See Below

Describes the secondary (not primary) type of material at each observation site.

Bedrock

Outcrop of bedrock or presence of bedrock within drillhole.

Clay

Clay is a very fine-grained sediment that is less than.0.004 mm  in size.

Clay Balls

Spherical balls of clay present within granular deposit, observed sizes less than 1 cm.

Loam

Unsorted sediment containing a combination of one or more of the following: silt, clay, sand, and/or rocks.

Organic top soil

Well-developed soil horizon, including O and A horizons. 

Organics

Developed P soil horizon, indicating organic material and a high water table.

Sand

Sand is composed of rocks and minerals that range in diameter from 0.0625 to 2 mm.

Sand and Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains greater than 15% by volume gravel.

Sand minor Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains approximately less than 7% by volume gravel.

Sand with Gravel

Sediment that contains a mixture of rocks in varying sizes ranging from 0.0625 to 64 mm.   This description is given to sediment that contains less than 15% by volume gravel.

Silt

A fine grained sediment that has a diameter between 0.004 to 0.0625 mm.

Till

A term used to describe the unsorted sediment deposited by glaciers- contains a mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders. Within Carlton County and Fond du Lac Reservation almost all till is sourced from the Superior Basin or intermixed with it. This till typically consists of red-brown, loam with varying clay and sand content containing rhyolites, basalts, and other North Shore Minnesota rock types.

FIELDDESC

Text, 100

Ex: Drill Hole (0-9 ft) 0-6 Till, 6-9 Gravel.

A short field description of the observation site.

THICKNESS

Text, 15, 0

+7, 5-15, Not Available

A description of thickness of the geological unit. Not Available indicates that the measurement does not apply or was not observed.

THICK_MOD

 

Text, 1

See Below

Modifies the thick_min or thick_max (i.e., Thickness field). 

+

Greater Than

-

To, as in 10-20

THICK_MIN

Number, 19, 5

Ex: 2, 6, 50, -999

The minimum thickness of the observed unit (–999 value is null).

THICK_MAX

Number, 19, 5

Ex: 20, 50, -999

The maximum thickness of the observed unit (–999 value is null).

OVERBURDEN

Text, 15, 0

5-15, +5, ~10, Not Available

A description of the overburden covering an aggregate unit.  Not Available indicates that the measurement does not apply or was not observed.

OVER_MOD

Text, 1

See Below

Modifies the Ob_min or Ob_max (i.e., Thickness field). 

+

Greater Than

-

To, as in 10-20

~

Approximately

OVER_MIN

Number, 19, 5

Ex: 2, 9, 35, -999

A description of the minimum thickness of the overburden covering the unit (–999 value is null).

OVER_MAX

Number, 19, 5

Ex: 3, 5, 10, -999

A description of the maximum thickness of the overburden covering the unit (–999 value is null).

SAMPLED

Text, 3

Yes or No

Indicates whether the material was sampled.  Not all sampled material was tested.

GRAVEL_PCT

Number, 19, 5

Ex. 44

Percent gravel retrieved from the sieve analysis on sampled units (–999 value is null).